Communications and data transmission
antennas, manufacturing and development of
communications antennas for Wireless LAN, ISM band,
and small cell applications
Contact our engineers with your antennas needs
has an antenna for every application. We will
design the system based on your technical specs.
sales@oksolar.com
Antennas are simply lengths of conductive metal that radiate radio signals
into the air. Most common antennas are designed to be one-quarter, sometimes
one-half, the wavelength of the radio signal they are to transmit/receive.
Wavelength is calculated with the formula: Wavelength (meters) = 300/frequency
(MHz).
For example, Phoenix Contact wireless modules use frequencies ranging from
902-928MHz, so based on this formula, the wavelength of our radio signals are
approximately one-third of a meter, or one-foot.
Keeping in mind then that antennas are generally one-quarter wavelength of
the radio signal, our basic antennas for the 900MHz are typically no more than 3
inches in height.
ANTENNA TYPES
There are wide varieties of antennas used for the transmission of radio
signals in the world today. The basic antenna is known as an “omni-directional.”
Omni antennas radiate their RF energy in all directions, essentially outwards in
a three-dimensional spherical pattern. Omni antennas usually resemble vertical
rods but can come in other shapes as well. Some have horizontal rods of the same
length placed at their base to increase their performance/distance. These are
called “ground planes.”
Other antenna types include the “dipole”, where a section of wire, one-half
the wavelength, is positioned either horizontally or vertically in the air to
transmit signals. Dipoles emit their signals in more of a two dimensional
semi-circular or “doughnut” pattern, the key being both the transmitter and
receiver’s antennas must be aligned the same (horizontally or vertically).
Dipoles do not require a ground-plane are considered “bi-directional,” in that
their signals travel in two opposite directions, depending on how the antenna is
oriented.
The more focused (uni-directional) type of antenna is called a “Yagi.” A Yagi
antenna is basically a standard one-half wavelength antenna, but with additional
“elements” placed in front of it to focus the
energy for transmission in one direction. The “reflector” and “director”
elements are just similar-sized resonators spaced appropriately to increase the
strength and narrow the direction of the signal prior to
transmission. Again, the key to successfully using Yagi antennas is the correct
orientation and alignment of the transmitting/receiving antennas.
ANTENNA GAIN
Antenna "gain" is a word that seems to strike fear in the hearts and minds
of uninitiated radio users everywhere. It is often the word used to refer to
some sort of mysterious signal amplifier, yet never really
understood. However, one antenna with a “higher” gain does not amplify the
signal more than another with "less" gain, as most people think. An antenna with
greater gain simply focuses the energy of the signal differently.
To get a handle on "gain," let's talk about it in terms using a megaphone.
When you want to get your message across a noisy stadium you can do two things
with that megaphone to get the result: 1) you can shout into it as loudly as
possible, and 2) you can direct the focused end of the megaphone toward the
listener. The same two actions can be applied to sending a radio signal farther.
First you can increase the transmit power (to a limit of 1 Watt for spread
spectrum radios, FCC Part 15), and second you can "aim" the power that's
radiating from the antenna toward the receiver. Aiming the power is the "gain."
Taking this one step further, if someone in the stadium also had a megaphone and
really wanted to hear what you had to say they could put their megaphone to
their ear and aim the open end toward you, thereby focusing in on what's being
transmitted from your location. Likewise, a receiving radio gets "gain" by
focusing the direction of the "listening" antenna toward the source. In other
words, gain is simply how you focus the radiated energy at the transmitter and
how you focus the ear of the receiver.
Now, how does gain apply to the two types of antennas (omni and yagi) most
commonly used in spread spectrum industrial radio installations? In very simple
terms, omni antennas radiate transmit power (the signal) in all directions (360
degrees) and listen for incoming messages from all directions. Yagi
(directional) antennas focus their radiated transmit power in one direction and
also listen for incoming signals with a more focused ear. Yagi antennas,
therefore, tend to send a signal farther than omni antennas with the same gain.
Yagis are the megaphones in the antenna world.
For the majority of MCR-RAD applications, the standard 1/4 wave whip
unity-gain antennas purchased along with the equipment work just fine. However,
sometimes you need to send the signal further and to do so, you must play within
the rules laid out by the FCC in Part 15 of their guidelines. The two rules of
most interest to the spread spectrum radio user are: 1) the maximum transmit
power of the spread spectrum radio is 1 Watt, and 2) the maximum gain of a
spread spectrum system must not exceed 6dB.
WHAT DOES “dB” STAND FOR?
Here’s the technical definition. “dBm” (often referred to simply as “dB”) is
the Power Ratio of the radio relative to 1mW. For example, a 1mW power level is
referred to as 0dB. Likewise, a 1000mW, or 1W, power level can be referred to as
30dB. A 1/1000mW power level is –30dB, and the threshold sensitivity of an
MCR-RAD, which exceeds 1/10000000000mW, can be more easily expressed as –110dB.
As you can see, a MCR-RAD receiver doesn’t need to capture very much energy from
its transmitter in order to maintain a solid lock and secure data.
Now let’s make this easier. Since many folks who use the MCR-RADs are
unfamiliar with radio theory and are simply looking for an easy-to-use cable and
conduit replacement, we reassure them it is simply sufficient to know that 6dB
of antenna gain (remember that "gain" has to do with focusing the energy
radiated from the antenna) more or less doubles the distance a signal will
travel with no obstructions. For example, if a "no gain" (0dB) 1/4 wave omni
antenna sends a 1 Watt MCR-wireless device signal 4 miles in perfect
line-of-sight conditions, a 6dB gain antenna should send the signal 8 miles. In
other words, we say "Don't worry about the specifics of dB measurement, it's not
necessary to be a radio expert."
How do antennas increase the distance like that? Simply put, omni
antennas that radiate energy in a sphere with no gain "squish the sphere into a
donut shape" as the gain is increased. The more you “squish the sphere,” the
larger the radius of the donut becomes. Less energy sent vertically means more
energy sent out in a horizontal direction. In a similar fashion, a directional
yagi antenna takes the energy about to be radiated and focuses it in one
direction. Using an analogy, the higher the gain a yagi antenna has the more
narrowly its energy is focused, so that its "beam" changes from a street lamp to
a lighthouse to a laser as the gain is increased. You can see why aiming becomes
important with a high gain yagi.
dB LOSES AND CABLING
Now, back to the FCC rules. At first glance, it may appear that if you were
using a 1 Watt MCR-wireless devices you would never need an antenna that exceeds
a 6dB rating, but this isn't quite true. The 6dB applies to the system and the
system includes cables and connectors as well as the antenna. But what do the
cables and connectors have to do with it? Cables and connectors have a "dB loss"
rating. For example, RG58 cable loses 16dB per 100', RG213 loses 7.6dB per 100'
and LMR400 cable loses 3.9dB per 100'.
Connectors also have loss ratings, although they are minimal. So if you have an
application where you need to add quite a bit of cable in order to get out of a
building, or up a tower, these losses have to be taken into account.
Here's an example. Let's say you have an MCR-RAD at a water tank, nine
miles away from your control room. You know you'll need to get as much gain as
possible to send the signal so you decide on a 6dB directional yagi antenna,
thinking this is the maximum antenna gain you’re allowed. But let's say you've
decided to put the yagi antenna near the top of a tower close to the tank so
that you can clear a stand of trees and a few houses. The antenna will be 60
feet in the air and the rest of the cable run adds another 40 feet. You decide
on LMR400 cable with a few connectors. Based on the cable losses quoted above,
this means that the total system loss will be approximately -4dB. Add this to
the antenna gain of +6dB and your system now has a total gain of only 2dB. Will
this get the signal nine miles? Probably not. So in this case, you would need to
purchase a 10dB directional yagi so that once all the losses (-4dB) are factored
in you still end up with the maximum gain allowed (6dB) and required.
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- Yagis
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Communications and data transmission antennas, manufacturing and development of
communications antennas for Wireless LAN, ISM band, and small cell applications
ORiNOCO
OR (Outdoor Router) Antennas & Accessories
ORiNOCO OR antennas
provide for good transmission distances between two or more buildings. Available
for directional configurations (point-to-point), omni-directional configurations
(point-to-multipoint) and mobile outdoor roaming configurations (for mobility
within a cell).
UPS and Backup power systems? automatically detects the
power failure and instantly becomes a quality power source utilizing true sine
wave technology that better than utility grade. All this, without interruption.
Backup power generation for critical infrastructure
such as: Airport Lighting, Communicatins infrastructure, Gas Stations, Hospital
EMS, Traffic intersections control system, Rail Roadssiganling, etc.
OkSolar Solar Energy, manufactures the highest
performance solar Powered products in the world.
Based on advanced NASA & Department of Energy Technologies, OkSolar's products
are lightweight, portable, & rugged enabling new & innovative commercial
consumer, military, & industrial applications.
Our vision is to bring energy to each and every facet of lifeTurnkey energy
systems that offers Solar PV-to-Hydrogen-to-Fuel Cell optional Wind and Gas
Electricity.
Oil and Gas, Security, Monitoring and Control
Communications, Telecom Networks, Traffic Safety
Oil and Gas: solar power systems, solar for oil and gas, well site automation,
cathodic protection, remote power, photovoltaic systems, SCADA power systems,
telecom power supply, remote monitoring, wireless, security power systems
Security: outdoor power for security equipment, solar power systems, power for
CCTV, remote power, security cameras, data collection power systems, intrusion
alarms, remote monitoring, power for access controls, security lighting,
security power systems.
Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) networks used to monitor and control
industrial applications such as:
Water and wastewater facilities, Industrial process control, Electrical
substations, Large scale renewable energy generation, Automation and,
Communications Networks, Workforce and automation and communications networks
Railroad, Construction, First responder secure networks, Millitary, logistics
management of critical assets, Remote video monitoring and surveillance, WAN and
LAN using WiFi and WiMax
power systems for monitoring and control, solar power systems, power for SCADA
networks, water and wastewater facilities power, remote site power, video
monitoring power, surveillance power systems, WiFi and WiMAx power systems,
repeater power systems, industrial process control.
Outdoor power for telecom networks, solar power systems, power for microwave
relays, BTS power, remote site power, power for microwave repeaters,
telecommunication power systems, telecom switches, power for fiber optics,
repeater power systems
Solar Power Systems for the Traffic industry:
solar power systems, solar for ITS, outdoor traffic safety equipment, traffic
message boards, traffic counters, solar emergency call boxes, CCTV power, power
for intelligent transportation systems, remote power, SCADA power systems,
remote monitoring, wireless power systems
OkSolar.com Affiliate
BBS Battery backup system (BBs) that provide battery power to traffic
intersections.
Fully integrated power supplies designed for site loads requiring 12, 24, 36 or
48 volts DC. Each system provides safe and reliable power generation without the
need and expense of installing utility power.
Power your electrical & electronics projects and applications with Solar Energy
products from OkSolar.com. Our engineers can design the energy system to meet
your demands. From 0.5 Watt to 100KWatts; DC or AC; and up to three-phase
systems.
The SPDC/AC unit was designed to be easily expanded:
power units can range from 2,000 Watts to 10,000 Watts. Its flexible platform
design allows it to be easily customized for use with area lighting, remote
communications, security systems, and surveillance equipment, to name a few
applications. Charge power alone can be doubled or tripled with the addition of
simple, cost-effective photovoltaic capture equipment. Pre-assembled & Factory
Tested.
We offer Power Management with USB Biometric Passwordrd
Manager provide users a convenient and secure way to manage and access multiple
security phrases and codes. This product biometrically identifies users and
gives them convenient access to password protected applications and web sites.
The SPDC/AC unit was designed to be easily expanded:
power units can range from 2,000 Watts to 10,000 Watts. Its flexible platform
design allows it to be easily customized for use with area lighting, remote
communications, security systems, and surveillance equipment, to name a few
applications. Charge power alone can be doubled or tripled with the addition of
simple, cost-effective photovoltaic capture equipment. Pre-assembled & Factory
Tested.
We offer Power Management with USB Biometric Passwordrd
Manager provide users a convenient and secure way to manage and access multiple
security phrases and codes. This product biometrically identifies users and
gives them convenient access to password protected applications and web sites.
-SPDC:
IQ Solar trees will Power the Future click here for more information or contact
us! Free parking spaces are generally far too narrow and also very rare. From
this point of view, the idea of using such parking spaces for solar trees
appears quite illogical. However, at the front corners, where most cars are
rounded, there is enough space to install them. With an average power of 400 Wp,
the individual units are admittedly not particularly powerful, but there are
many free corners, which add up to a lot of electricity. UPS systems by IQUPS.
-SPDC Determining the Correct System:
To determine if IQUPS Power system will meet your solar power requirements,
first choose what DC voltage your system will operate on, then calculate the
Total Equipment Load in Amp-hours per Day. Next, looking at the map of the U.S.,
determine your Solar Resource. Then, using the selection matrix on the page,
choose the appropriate system.
IQUPS Remote control around the world!
Check the status of your Power Plant – from your home, your office
or anywhere you may be. A PC with an internet browser is all that is needed to
access the system.Communications provides complete plant monitoring, remote
diagnosis, data storage and display. It features an integrated HTTP web
interface that allows you to access plant information via a PC, regardless of
operating system or browser type.
IQUPS Remote Control the link between the PV plant and its owner. It combines
computing power, storage capacity, and versatile communications interfaces in a
compact enclosure. The data-logger offers up-to-date display and control options
on the internet.
Data transfer and plant configuration via the internet is handled either by
Ethernet connection or telephone modem. Data transfer is automatic – all you
have to do is set the desired intervals. IQUPS View communicates PV system
status from the IQUPS.com controller over a broadband or wireless internet
connection to a website for 24/7 access. The website displays real- time and
historic data as well as advance alerts of any potential system problems. All of
the hardware and software is included to enable a simple plug and play
installation. By avoiding expensive site visits, the IQUPS Web View will reduce
the life cycle costs of off-grid PV systems. Battery Bank.
Solar power systems for hazardous locations are certified Class l Div ll and as
such are approved for use the United States. Systems are engineered to meet the
new International Standard IEC-E60079-15:02 - Electrical apparatus for explosive
gas atmospheres-Part 15:Type of protection n requirements for solar/battery
powered installations.
Traffic Application:
-Keeping Traffic Moving When The Power Goes Out Item#1608450 Portable Solar
Powered 120 volts 60Hz. or 230 Volts 50 Hz, Portable Solar Powered 220 Volts 50
Hz, Portable Solar Powered 230V 50Hz, Portable Solar Powered 220Volts 50Hz
pedestrian signals, A 120 or 240 V, 100 amp, single-phase IQUPS.com transfer
panel is used to activate the generator at the loss of power. According to
IQUPS, the generator assumes the full load in seven seconds. When utility power
is restored, the generator shuts off and signal operation is automatically
returned to the normal power source. "The IQUPS1800 will completely run the
intersection stoplights," said general manager for the DOT. "Other backup
systems will put the lights to flashing red. When the generator kicks in on the
IQUPS1800, the lights will fully function for 25 to 40 hours, depending on the
load at the intersection. When power is restored, the system returns to utility
power and the traffic signals do not need to be reset." Battery Backups Prevent
Accidents at Critical Traffic Signals Additional Applications Being Taken for
More Intersections Keeping Traffic Moving When The Power Goes Out Portable Solar
Power 120 Volts 60 Hz or 230 Volts 50Hz, Traffic Portable Solar Power 120 Volts
60 Hz Thanks to new IQTraffiControl.com energy-efficiency technology, different
Cities, towns and counties will keep their traffic signals safely operating even
if the electricity goes out, and other local governments. Intersections have
been converted to new LED signal lights utilizing more efficient, LED (light
emitting diode) lamps. The new lamps cut the amount of electricity used by each
light from as much as 150 watts to between 10 to 25 watts. Because LEDs use so
much less electricity, it is now technically possible to provide battery backup
power to alike. We also Have Fuel Cells Traffic Backups.
IQ UPS Traffic Back-up Standby Power Generation.
- Battery backup systems for LED
traffic Signs -
IQUPS Battery Backups Prevent Accidents at Critical Traffic Signals
Increase the public safety and reduced traffic congestion by allowing traffic
lights to function even during a power failure. A typical traffic signal
intersection experiences eight to ten local power outages annually. With battery
backup 3 power, some or all the traffic control signals can continue to operate.
This seamless switchover to battery power increases public safety and eliminates
the need to dispatch police or other service personnel to direct traffic. If all
traffic signals were converted to LEDs, the battery backup system would allow
full operation of the traffic signals during a power outage, thus alleviating
traffic congestion.
-Application:
Enhancing all types of roadway signs (stop, yield, wildlife, dangerous corners,
etc.)
Marking temporary and permanent road barricade marking
Flashing flagger
Enhancing safety at construction and detour zones
Indicating bridge and tunnel entrances
Marking hazards and infrastructure at industrial sites
-BENEFITS
-Quick installation - no external wiring, cable trenching.
-Flexible design enables any configuration of bi-directional or dual flasher
solution.
-Pays for itself within the first year of operation in the form of reduced
installation, maintenance and servicing costs
-Self-powering capability means it can be installed anywhere
-Reliable operation 365 days per year at nearly any location on earth
-IQ Engineered for up to five (+) years of maintenance-free operation
Optional
Wireless Communications Oksolar.com also provides remote-control and paging
equipment to control flashing systems from a central office or computer network,
with custom design and field engineering services available to support our
nationwide dealer network.
IQ Solar trees will Power the Future click here for more information or contact
us! Free parking spaces are generally far too narrow and also very rare. From
this point of view, the idea of using such parking spaces for solar trees
appears quite illogical. However, at the front corners, where most cars are
rounded, there is enough space to install them. With an average power of 400 Wp,
the individual units are admittedly not particularly powerful, but there are
many free corners, which add up to a lot of electricity. UPS systems by IQUPS
Systems are complete, fully integrated power supplies
designed for site loads requiring 12, 24 or 48 volts DC. Each system provides
safe and reliable power generation without the need and expense of installing
utility power.
The sealed, maintenance free batteries are designed for deep cycle operation and
extended life in solar applications.
The aluminum array support structures and battery enclosures are strong yet
lightweight and corrosion resistant for harsh marine or severe weather
locations. Because SPDC Systems are designed to withstand rugged transportation
to remote sites, single-lift integral lifting lugs and/or forklift slots are
provided.
Optional helicopter handling features are also available.
The system is fully assembled for factory testing before shipment. The pre-wired
systems are typically shipped fully assembled with a protective cover over the
array and are bolted to a skid. The solar array for larger systems is shipped in
a separate plywood crate and the battery enclosure is mounted on a skid. In some
cases, batteries are shipped separately.
Systems carry a one-year system warranty for materials and workmanship. A
three-year performance warranty is available on pre-packaged systems. The solar
modules have up to a 25-year warranty. Careful component selection results in a
system with a lifetime exceeding 25 years with battery replacements every five
to ten years.
High-efficiency, single crystalline solar modules deliver maximum power output
and carry up to a 20–year warranty PV array shades battery box to minimize
battery temperature extremes Insulated battery enclosure is available in a
variety of materials and finishes Preassembled and pre-wired systems minimize
field installation time NEC code compliant over-current protection and safety
disconnect Universal anti-theft mounting hardware available for outdoor
Corrosion resistant control/battery enclosure Solid state electronics display
battery state-of-charge and controller status/errors Solar modules are fully
encapsulated to resist harsh weather conditions.
Technical Information:
HOW TO:
Determine your daily equipment load requirement in Amp/hrs/day at the specified
voltage. Note: For loads with a duty cycle please estimate hours per day for
transmit, receive and standby. For variable loads please estimate hours/week,
divide by 7 = hours/day column.
Endless possibilities and configurations Different
designs and styles to accommodate your site needs you can request different
components. Overall Dimensions and Weight will be based on the components.
Features:
-Heavy Duty NEMA 3R or NEMA 4 Cabinet - Powder Coated Aluminum or Steel.
-Large electronics compartment houses PV charge controller and DIN RAIL mounted
circuit protection for load, array and batteries.
-Battery compartment holds one, two or four sealed
batteries
-Vented or insulated battery cabinet design is suitable for installation in hot
or cold climate conditions.
-High efficiency solar panels
-Maintenance free, sealed gel cell non-spill able batteries
-Low voltage load protection and temperature compensated charging
-Din-Rail mounted circuit breakers for easy access
-Load, array and battery disconnects
-Durable, lockable, powder-coated white aluminum battery control enclosure
-Heavy-duty mounting structure
-Extra room for your equipment - each system package has roughly 12 cu/in of
extra space in the electronics compartment. -There is plenty of room for you to
add your own SCADA, radio, GPS or VSAT equipment
-Stainless steel hardware
-Color-coded, pre-cut wiring harness for fast installation
-Simple installation / operations manual and complete system schematics
-Up to 25-year warranty on solar modules and a full 12-months on the complete
system
-Approved Class I, Div. II hazardous location safety rating available ou on
request (UL Pending)
-Solar modules are fully encapsulated to resist harsh weather conditions
-Stand-alone or hybrid systems
-Self-supporting, ballasted design requires no foundation
-NEC code compliant overcurrent protection and safety disconnect
-Adjustable array maximizes power output
-Corrosion resistant control/battery enclosure
-Installation, operation & maintenance documentation
-Pre-assembled and factory tested for easy installation
-Clean, renewable energy provides low environmental impact
-Factory testing for quality assurance
-Low maintenance and operating costs
-Complete systems reduce specifying and buying time
-Quality components assure long system life
-Reliable, continuous power
OkSolar.com Serving The Industry Since 1988.
All rights reserved. All trademarks or product names mentioned herein are the
property and responsibility of their respective owners.
Credit Pictures provided by PIX along with DOE/NREL
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