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Solar Electrical Modules, Solar Panels, PV

Residential Grid-Tie Systems, Water Pumping, RV & Marine, Remote Home Systems, Communication, Oil & Gas, Traffic, Railroad, Lighting, Commercial Grid-Tie Systems, Rural Development, Government/Military, solar cell, grid-tie system, solar system, solar panel, solar module, power systems, photovoltaics, PV, sine wave, modified sine wave, Energy Independence
 
Solar Modules Power Characteristics:
The current and power output of photovoltaic modules are approximately proportional to sunlight intensity. At a given intensity, a module's output current and operating voltage are determined by the characteristics of the load. If that load is a battery, the battery's internal resistance will dictate the module's operating voltage.

A module which is rated at 17 volts will put out less than its rated power when used in a battery system. This is because the working voltage will be between 12 and 15 volts. As wattage (power) is the product of volts times amps, the module output will be reduced. For example: a 50 watt module working at 13.0 volts will produce 39.0 watts (13.0 volts x 3.0 amps = 39.0 watts). This is important to remember when sizing a PV system.

An I-V curve as illustrated to the right is simply all of a module's possible operating points, (voltage/current combinations) at a given cell temperature and light intensity. Increases in cell temperature increase current slightly, but drastically decrease voltage.

Maximum power is derived at the knee of the curve. Check the amperage generated by the solar array at your battery's present operating voltage to better calculate the actual power developed at your voltages and temperatures.

Shading:
PV modules are very sensitive to shading. Unlike a solar thermal panel which can tolerate some shading, many brands of PV modules cannot even be shaded by the branch of a leafless tree.

Shading obstructions can be defined as soft or hard sources. If a tree branch, roof vent, chimney or other item is shading from a distance, the shadow is diffuse or dispersed. These soft sources significantly reduce the amount of light reaching the cell(s) of a module. Hard sources are defined as those that stop light from reaching the cell(s), such as a blanket, tree branch, bird dropping, or the like, sitting directly on top of the glass. If even one full cell is hard shaded the voltage of that module will drop to half of its unshaded value in order to protect itself. If enough cells are hard shaded, the module will not convert any energy and will, in fact, become a tiny drain of energy on the entire system.

Partial-shading even one cell of a 36-cell module, such as the KC120, will reduce its power output. Because all cells are connected in a series string, the weakest cell will bring the others down to its reduced power level. Therefore, whether ½ of one cell is shaded, or ½ a row of cells is shaded as shown above, the power decrease will be the same and proportional to the percentage of area shaded, in this case 50%.

When a full cell is shaded, it can act as a consumer of energy produced by the remainder of the cells, and trigger the module to protect itself .The module will route the power around that series string. If even one full cell in a series string is shaded, as seen on the right, it will likely cause the module to reduce its power level to ½ of its full available value. If a row of cells at the bottom of a module is fully shaded the power output may drop to zero. The best way to avoid a drop in output power is to avoid shading whenever possible.

Tilt Angle:
To capture the maximum amount of solar radiation over a year, the solar array should be tilted at an angle approximately equal to a site's latitude, and facing within 15º of due south. To optimize winter performance, the solar array can be tilted 15º more than the latitude angle, and to optimize summer performance, 15º less than the latitude angle. At any given instant, the array will output maximum available power when pointed directly at the sun.

To compare the energy output of your array to the optimum value, you will need to know the site's latitude, and the actual tilt angle of your array-which may be the slope of your roof if your array is flush-mounted. If your solar array tilt is within 15º of the latitude angle, you can expect a reduction of 5% or less in your system's annual energy production. If your solar array tilt is greater than 15º off the latitude angle, the reduction in your system's annual energy production may fall by as much as 15% from its peak available value. During winter months at higher latitudes, the reduction will be greater.

Azimuth Angle and Magnetic Declination:
If a south-facing roof is unavailable, or the total solar array is larger than the area of a south-facing roof section, an east or west-facing surface is the next best option. Be aware that solar power output decreases proportionally with a horizontal angle, or "azimuth," greater than 15º from due south. The decrease in annual power output from a latitude-tilted east or west-facing array may be as much as 15% or more in the lower latitudes or as much as 25% or more in the higher latitudes of the United States. Avoid directing your tilted solar panels northwest, north or northeast, as you'll get little power output.

Magnetic declination, the angle difference between magnetic south and true solar south, must also be taken into account when determining proper solar array orientation. If a magnetic compass alone is used to determine where to point the array, you may not capture the maximum amount of solar radiation
 

Solar Panels - Solar Modules
Check Prices and Order online
Sanyo Solar Modules

Sanyo 180W Module
Sanyo 190W Module
Solar Panels Sanyo 190W.pdf

Sharp
62W Module
70W Module
72W Module
80W Module
123W Module
125W Module
140W Module
142W Module
162W Module
165W Module
167W Module
170W Module
175W Module
185W Module
200W Module
208W Module
216W Module
Solar Panel Sanyo_HIT Double.pdf
JH3500 Inverter		 Shell Solar Modules

SM50-H Module
SM55 Module
SM110-12P Module
SM110-24P Module
SP70 Module
SP75 Module
SP140-PC Module
SP150-PC Module
SQ70 Module
SQ75 Module
SQ80/SQ85 Module
SQ150-PC Module
SQ160-PC Module
SQ175-PC Module
ST5 Module
ST10 Module
ST20 Module
ST40 Module
Ultra 85-P/80-P
Ultra 175-P/165-P
Ultra 175-PC/165-PC
BP Solar Modules
  1. Solar Panels bp_3125.pdf
  2. Solar Panels bp_3160.pdf
  3. Solar Panels bp_350.pdf
  4. Solar Panels bp_365.pdf
  5. Solar Panels bp_380.pdf
  6. Solar Panels bp_4160.pdf
  7. Solar Panels bp_585.pdf
  8. Solar Panels bp_75.pdf
  9. Solar Panels bp_lite.pdf
  10. Solar Panels bp_sm160.pdf
  11. Solar Panels bp_sx120.pdf
    12.
EverGreen Solar Modules

Solar Modules Evergreen 170 180 190

solar_panels_evergreen_Italy.pdf

solar_panels_evergreen_spanish.pdf

Solar Panels EC-100_v2.7e.pdf

Solar Panels EC-50_v2.7e.pdf
Sharp Solar Modules

Solar Modules Sunwize

  1. Solar_Panels_Sunwize_SW155-L_165-L4_05.pdf
  2. Solar_Panels_Sunwize_SW155-L_165-L4_05.pdf
    3.
  1. solar_cells_list_prices.pdf
  2. solar_cells_powerfilm.pdf
  3. single crystal silicon solar cells, crystal silicon solar cells, silicon solar cells, cells, solar cell, solar cells, poly crystalline solar cells, silicon solar, cells manufactures a full line of high efficiency single crystal silicon solar cells, from 4 inch to 8 inch, to be used in solar modules or a variety of consumer products.
    Flexible Solar Cells
    4.
GeneralElectric

 GE Photovoltaic Modules
PowerFilm
Foldable Solar Charger Brochure 72200
Foldable Solar Charger Brochure 72201

Foldable Solar Modules - Flexible solar panels		 single crystal silicon solar cells, crystal silicon solar cells, silicon solar cells, cells, solar cell, solar cells, poly crystalline solar cells, silicon solar, cells manufactures a full line of high efficiency single crystal silicon solar cells, from 4 inch to 8 inch, to be used in solar modules or a variety of consumer products.
Single Crystal Solar Cells

< Mounting Structures  >

 


  1. Solar_Panels_Unisolar_es.pdf
  2. Solar_Panels_Unisolar-FLX.pdf
  3. Solar_Panels_Unisolar-pvl.pdf
  4. Solar_Panels_Unisolar-shr17.pdf
  5. Solar_Panels_Unisolar-unikit.pdf
  6. Solar_Panels_Unisolar-unipack.pdf
  7. Solar_Panels_Unisolar_es.pdf
  8. Solar_Panels_Unisolar-FLX.pdf
  9. Solar_Panels_Unisolar-pvl.pdf
  10. Solar_Panels_Unisolar-shr17.pdf
  11. Solar_Panels_Unisolar-unikit.pdf
  12. Solar_Panels_Unisolar-unipack.pdf
  13. Field Applied Flexible Roofing Laminate. This solar electric roofing laminate simplifies the solar roofing installation process.  The Field Applied Flexible Roofing Laminates are designed to be bonded on 16-inch wide, flat Galvalume® pans. They come with the bonding adhesive factory-installed on the back of the laminate.
  14. Photovoltaic shingles serve as a conventional shingle for weather protection, while generating clean solar electricity to commercial and residential buildings.
Model: 3160
Type: Performance Multicrystalline
Power: 160 watts

The BP 3160 photovoltaic module is designed to provide superior value and performance for residential, commercial and industrial use. With time-tested multicrystalline silicon solar cells, it provides cost-effective power for DC loads or, with an inverter, AC loads. With 72 enhanced-efficiency cells in series, it charges 24V batteries (or multiples of 24V) efficiently in virtually any climate. At 160 watts of nominal maximum power, the BP 3160 is used in utility grid-supplemental systems for residences, commercial buildings, and centralized power generation and in remote systems for applications including telecommunication, pumping and irrigation, cathodic protection, remote villages and homes, and land-based navigation aids.

Available versions include:
BP 3160S - Framed module with polarized cable connectors
BP 3160L - Unframed laminate version of the BP 3160S
BP 3160U - Framed module with a high capacity junction box
BP 3160B - Attractive bronze-anodized

 
Model: 380
Type: Performance Multicrystalline
Power: 80 watts

The BP 380 photovoltaic module provides superior value and performance for residential, commercial and industrial use, operating DC loads directly or, in an inverter-equipped system, AC loads. Its 36 enhanced-efficiency multicrystalline silicon cells in series charge 12-volt batteries efficiently in virtually any climate. With 80 watts of nominal maximum power, it is wellsuited to utility grid-supplemental systems and traditional applications of photovoltaics such as telecommunications, remote villages and clinics, water pumping, and land-based aids to navigation. Modules use our Universal frame, the strongest in the industry.

Available versions include:
BP 380S - Framed module with polarized DC connectors
BP 380L - Unframed laminate version of the BP 380S
BP 380U - Framed module with our Type A junction box
BP 380H - Framed module with our Type B junction box

 
Model: 3125
Type: Silicon Nitride Multicrystalline
Power: 125 watts

The BP 3125 photovoltaic module is designed to provide superior value and performance for remote home, industrial, and residential use. With time-tested multicrystalline silicon solar cells and 125 watts of nominal maximum power, it provides cost-effective power for DC loads or, with an inverter, AC loads. With 36 enhanced-efficiency cells it charges 12V batteries (or multiples of 12V) efficiently in virtually any climate. Its unique IntegraBus™ technology provides added reliability through reliable outside bussing and by reducing diode and module temperature during module shading. The BP 3125 is used in remote systems for applications including telecommunications, pumping and irrigation, remote villages and homes, and land-based aids to navigation. It is also used in utility-grid supplemental systems for residences and commercial buildings.

Available versions include:
BP 3125U - Framed module with high capacity junction box
BP 3125S - Framed module with polarized cable connectors
 

 
Model: 585
Type: Premium Performance Crystalline
Power: 85 watts

The BP 585 PV module uses world leading laser-grooved monocrystalline cell technology to provide exceptional efficiency and a premium power performance of 85 watts nominal maximum power. The BP 585's high efficiency is particularly suited for applications which need maximum energy generation from a limited array area. Applications include utility grid-connected residential and commercial roof systems, building facades, and traditional industrial and remote applications. Attractive dark tedlar available on select models.

Available versions include:
BP 585S - Framed module with polarized DC connectors
BP 585L - Unframed laminate version of the BP 585S
BP 585U - Framed module with our Type A junction box
BP 585H - Framed module with our Type B junction box

 
Model: 4160
Type: Performance Monocrystalline
Power: 160 watts

The BP 4160 photovoltaic module is designed to provide superior value and performance for residential, commercial, and industrial use. With time-tested monocrystalline silicon solar cells and installation-speeding polarized connectors, it provides cost-effective power for DC loads or, with an inverter, AC loads. Its 72 enhanced-efficiency cells in series charge 24V batteries (or multiples of 24V) efficiently in virtually any climate. With 160 watts of nominal maximum power, the BP 4160S is primarily used in utility grid-supplemental systems for residences, commercial buildings, and centralized power generation. Remote applications include telecommunication systems, pumping and irrigation, cathodic protection, remote villages and homes, and land-based navigation aids.

Available versions include:
BP 4160S - Framed module with rugged clear-anodized frame
BP 4160L - Unframed laminate version of the BP 4160S

 
Model: 365
Type: Silicon Nitride Multicrystalline
Power: 65 watts

The BP 365 photovoltaic module is designed to provide superior value and performance for industrial use. With time-tested multicrystalline silicon solar cells and 65watts of nominal maximum power, it provides cost-effective power for DC loads or, with an inverter, AC loads. With 36 enhanced-efficiency cells it charges 12V batteries (or multiples of 12V) efficiently in virtually any climate. The BP 365 is primarily used in remote systems for applications including telecommunications, pumping and irrigation, remote villages and homes, and land-based aids to navigation.
 
Model: 350U
Type: Silicon Nitride Multicrystalline
Power: 50 watts

The 350U photovoltaic module is designed to provide cost-effective power for DC loads with moderate energy requirements. With two sets of 36 efficiency-enhanced cells in parallel, the 350U charges 12V batteries (or multiples of 12V) efficiently in virtually any climate. Typical applications include remote telemetry, instrumentation systems, security sensors, and land-based aids to navigation. An installed diode offers flexibility, enabling two or more 350U modules to be put into series safely. The 350U is also well suited to providing subsistence power to homes in remote areas without utility (mains) service.
Model: SX 40 / SX 50
Type: Performance Multicrystalline
Power: 40/50 watts

 

BP SX 40 and BP SX 50 photovoltaic modules are part of BP Solar's SXTM module series, providing cost-effective photovoltaic power for DC loads with moderate energy requirements. With 36 multicrystalline cells in series, they charge batteries efficiently in virtually any climate. Typical commercial applications of these modules, which generate nominal maximum power of 40 watts and 50 watts respectively, include remote telemetry, instrumentation systems, security sensors, and land-based navigation aids. They are also well-suited to providing subsistence power to homes in remote areas without utility (mains) service.

 
Model: SX 20 / SX 30
Type: Performance Multicrystalline
Power: 20/30 watts

BP SX 20 and BP SX 30 photovoltaic modules are part of BP Solar's SX module series, providing cost-effective photovoltaic power for DC loads with moderate energy requirements. With 36 multicrystalline cells in series, they charge batteries efficiently in virtually any climate. Typical commercial applications of these modules, which generate nominal maximum power of 20 watts and 30 watts respectively, include remote telemetry, instrumentation systems, security sensors, signals, and land-based navigation aids.

 
Model: SX 5 / SX 10
Type: Performance Multicrystalline
Power: 5/10 watts

The smallest of BP Solar's SX module series, BP SX 5 and BP SX 10 photovoltaic modules operate DC loads with small to moderate energy requirements. With 36 multicrystalline cells in series, they charge 12V batteries efficiently in virtually any climate. Typical commercial applications of these modules, which generate nominal maximum power of 4.5 watts and 10 watts respectively, include remote telemetry, instrumentation systems, security sensors, and signals.
Model: MSX-Lite Series
Type: High Performance Crystalline
Power: 4.5, 10, 20, and 30 watts

BP MSX-Lite modules are designed for applications requiring a combination of light weight, compactness, and ruggedness. They are particularly useful as 12 VDC power sources for expeditions, mobile communications, recreational vehicles and railroad signaling devices. Four models of BP MSX-Lite are available, the BP MSX-5 Lite, -10 Lite, -20 Lite and -30 Lite, delivering nominal maximum power of 4.5, 10, 20, and 30 watts respectively

 

 

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